How Veins Work

Arteries carry blood pumped from the heart. Veins return blood back to the heart. Unlike arteries, vein walls contain little or no muscle tissue. In our legs the contraction of muscles surrounding the veins helps return the blood back up to the heart against gravity. Valves within the veins direct the blood towards the heart and normally close to prevent blood from flowing backwards.

Most blood is returned to the heart by deep veins that lie within the muscle compartments of the leg. A small amount of blood travels through a network of superficial veins located near or just under the skin. The superficial veins drain into the deep veins through direct connections or perforating veins that travel through the muscle between the superficial and deep systems.

Venous insufficiency is a term to describe abnormal venous return. Spider veins and varicose veins are the result of venous insufficiency involving the superficial veins.



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